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UNTTED STATES r. J. w. nmznnrson, 0F NEW voelt, N.Y.

vMACHINE FOR CUTTING, POLISHING, DRESSING, AND ORNAMENTlNG GLASS.

Specification forming part ofLeiters Patent No. 4 3,0 '2, dated J une 7, 1864. u

To aZZ whom z'may/'concerm y Be it known that I, T. J. W. ROBERTSON, of the'city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Cutting, Polishing, Dressing, and Ornamenting Glass and Vitreous Substances 5 and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a front view of my invention, with part of the frame removed. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a side view of the lower parts. Fig. 3, Sheet 1, is a plan of thatpart of the machine below the red line a a., FjgJ. Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Sheet 1, are enlarged views of various parts, which -will be described liereinafter. Figs. 7 and 8, Sheet 2, area side viewl andplan showingY the methodof operating on several' objects at once by one attendant. Figs. 9. and l0, Sheet 2, are front and side views of a modification of the machine shown in the previous figures, and intended to work on hat surfaces.

Similar letters of reference .indicate correspending -parts in each of the several figures -on lthe two sheets.

The ornamentation of the surfaces of glass,

stone, and kindred substances has heretofore been almost exclusivelyexecuted byhand-labor. The globe, goblet, or vessel which :the glass'cutter desires to ornamentis held in the two hands of the workman, who presses the article against a revolving stone or metallic cutting wheel, and thus, lineby line, gure by figure, executes upon the surface of the article whatever ornamentation may be desired. In this manner the workman may configure or carve theglass or other material with wreaths, vines, crests, 'coats of arms, initials, and vavrious pictures; but onlya single article at aV time c in be operated upon bythe workman,

and the process is consequently slow and expensive. In other branches of the art the workman -operates by lmeans of diamondpointed hand-tools o'r -by gravers and chisels.-

The object of this invention is to dispense with the necessity othandlabor for ornamenting glass and otherv substances, and to sub` stitute mechanism in lieu't hereof; alsol to exe'cute the4 work ,in a quicker, better, and

beflat, like windowglass,or cylindrical,oval, i

angular, or any other form.

To enable others skilled inthe art to which, my invention appertains to make and use my machinery, I will proceed to describe its construction andoperation.

A A A A representthe main frame of the machine, the I highest part having the forked lever B pivoted to it by the pinU. The-forked end of this lever gives vertical motion and support tothe perpendicular shaft D, which has upon its upper extremity anadjustablecollar, E. yThis collar rests upon the forked end of lever B. The shaft D has two bearings,

FE', in the. frame of the machine. and is; connected by a universal joint, G, to another shaft, H, which has its bearing at F in avibrating frame, I, which at its uppcr'end is pivoted to the main frame at F' in such ay y manner that it may vibrate and also allow the shaft to vibrate in the direction shown in red outline in` Fig. 1. On the lower end of this shaft H there is a chuck, J, havingjaws K K, to hohl the glass'goblct or other article to be operated upon.

Lisagear-wheel placed upon the shaft D, said wheel having attachedto it two standwitlr'a cross arm, M ,which is also placed upon the shaft D. ,l

N 'is another horizontal arm,V n'hiclrisf-also placed upon the shaft D, and is--adjustable thereon by the screw c. The outer end of this arm is forked, and is fitted to the stand- .ard b soas to allow it to slide up and down with shaft D. The arm N causes the said shaft D, when it revolves, to carry the wheel Lwithit. `f

cheaper manner than it has heretofore been nient O together, and 'en withdra'wing the pin the position of the segment-teeth in respect to the wheel L may'be adjusted at will.

The segment O gears with another segment,

P, which is attached to one end of the sleeve Q. To the other end of this sleeve there is' fastened, by the 'screw d, a forked piece, R, to which is pivoted, at .the extremity of the fork e,a two-armed lever, S.- In the lower arm of this lever there is a sliding pointer, T, which slides .freely up and down it. The upper arm of this lever is connected to one end-of thesliding rod U by the link V.

W is a standard rising fromthe frame of the machine, andforminga bearing for the `elbow-lever X. One arm of this lever is com nected to the forked lever B by thelink Y. This link can be adjusted in any position along the two levers B X by the holesl fff and sliding col-lar g, to which the link Yis pivoted, so as to vary the amount of vertical motion imparted to theshafts D H from the lever Si Z isa Weight to counter-balance the weight et' the shai'tsD H and their appendages, and A also to keep theperpendicular arm of the' elbow-lever in Acontact with the end of the sliding rod U. i

The object of the parts so far described is for transferring vany motion given to the lpointer T tothe glass or other object held in the huckJ. It will be seen, ou examining the drawings, that any motion imparted to the pointer T front right t'o left, or vice versa, as shown in red outlineiu Fig. l, will giveavertical motion to the shafts D H, While any motion given to the pointer at right angles to this will give them a partial .rotary motion,so that when the pointer is moved the object or article held in the chuck J will have a movement imparted to it, whichy will be'either ver tical or rotary, or the rotary and vertical movements will be simultaneously combined, according to the movement given to the pointer 'by the attendant.

The device for cutting or engraving consists of awheel, h, on the shaft t', which runs on bearings iu the arms jj, which are attached to the revolvin-gsleeve k, which h as its bearings in the' frame A of the machine. (These parts can be seen best in Fig. 4, Sheet l, where they are shown enlarged.) To theother end ofthe sleeve Il: there isattached a gearwheel, l,which gears with another wheel, m, on the end of shaft n. On the other end of this shaft there is a bevelgear-wheel, o, which gearsi'vithanother beitelwheehp, on the lower end of the shaft q,' to

7c forms a bea-ring for the shaft s, having on one end the fast and loose pulleys t u and on the other end the dish-shaped bevell gearwheel fr, which gears withthe bevel-pinion u, communicating motion to the cutting- `wheel h. The gear-wheel c is made dishshapud, as shown in Fig. 4, to allow the cutting-wheel h to be madelarger than the pinion, otherwise the pinion would come in contact` with the object to beA engraved or ornamented. On the under side oftheta-ble or platform A and ltheftitherv arm is'pivoted tof-the -shipper E', which swings on this arm and thelink Gv',

as shown in red outline in Fig. l. The spring LH',- attached to the table, draws thetreadleupward,.and, acting by means of the pitman C', elbow-lever` l', and' shipper E', always` keeps the belt L upon the loose pulley t, excepting when the treadle is depressed by the operator, which movement causes the shipper Eto more the belt L onto the fast pulley u, and withdrawing the end of the shipper from the pin Z 'on the lower end of the vibrating frame I .allows the action of the spring l to Abring the glass in contact with the 'cutting- -wheel h. The spring l draws or presses'v the glass against the cutter with a-yielding pressnre, which allows the glass, if its surface is irregular, to move backV and 'forth in accordf ance with such irregularities, and Hills, While constantly vkeeping the glass against'the cutter, it (the spring) prevents the glass t'om-f being'broken or toodeeplypr unevenly-cuti` The operation of the machine may bedescribed as follows: .The article to be `oriailmented is inserted in the'chuck J, and faston the tr-cladlc' D', causing the shipper E to move in the direction shown in red outline,

r which movement ships the driving-belt L from lthe loose pulley. t to the fast pulley u, and atV the same time allowgthe article' that 'is to be operated on to come in Contact withthe cutting-wheel-h. As soon as the cutting- Vwheel Acommences to revolve, the operator makes the pointer T follow the groove a: in the pattern y, thus, 'as before described, giving a motion to the glass exactly correspondingto the grooved design on the pattern y,

vbut very much reduced both in length and depth andas the cutting-Wheel is in opera-v tion during this time it has cut a design corresponding'lto the motion ot'- the glass. vIt is obvious that the attendant may execute any 4mental design upon the glass simply' by mov-y in gthe pointer, so that the presence of a drawing or apattern, as shown at'y, is'rnot essential v'but to -secure uniformity of work, where large numbers of a given pattern are to be cut, and also to assist the unskilled workman, la pattern is desirable. As soon as the pointer which is attached the handle 1'. The sleevei T haspassed over al1-the lines 'in the design by pressing on thetread'le,

the operator should lift his foot ot the treadle D', allowing the reaction of the spring H to ship the belt L' onto the loose pulley t, so as to stop the motion ofthe cutting-wheel It, and .move the glass away from it.

On examining the ligure or design thus produced it will be found to occupy but oneeighth of the circumference ofthe glass. If the design is intended to run completely around the glass, the operator should depress the spring z under. the segment O low enough to withdraw the pin J out of the hole K' itV circumference of the glass, the design on the pattern may be so proportioned as to cover .one-sixth, one quarter, or any other portion desired.

It' the work to be done on the machine is of the finest class, the operator should so turn the handle r as to keep Athe shaft of the cutting-wheel at right angles to the line of the desigi'r'itis at that time cutting, always changing the position of the cutting-wheel as the line of the design changes. This makes sharper lines and'better workgenerally than would bel the case `if the wheel h were always held in one position.

lnsome kindsofwork,where thechangeofdirection ofthe lilies to be cutis very sudden, asin turning a sharp corner, or in lines crossing each other, it is advisable to stop the machine before changing the position ot the cutting wheel h; but when thc change is small or gradual, as in making a curve or circle, the

xchangein the position of the cutting-wheel can be made without stopping its motion.

If sharpness of outline is not required in the design, the work can be executed much fa-ster by simply fixing the cutter iii one position by any convenient' means, and then guiding the glass by the `pointer T, without reference to the position of the cutting-wheel; or an addition to the machinery may be made by which the pointerT and the parts controlling the position ofthe cutting-wheel 'h may be so con- .necte-d that the pointer T will always keep'the cutting-wheel running in the direction of the lmeitis making. f

In some kinds of work it might be conven- Vient to have the spring. l connected with a t'readle in such a Way that the operator could,

g vary. the power of the spring l' solasto press the glass upon the wheel with alight or heavy pressure. Figs. 7 and.8,. Sheet. 2,-,sl1ow .the'ma'chinery adapted to work on three or more objects at once, controlled and guided by one operator. In this form parts of three machines, like that shown iu Sheet 1, are combined and connected together, as shown, so that all the parts controlling the' tliree objects to be ornamented are moved-and guided by one pointer T and lever S, in the following manner: The lifting end ofthe lever B is made with three or more arms, as shown in the plan, Fig. 8, Sheet 2,-instead of one arm, as' in the machine first described. Each ot' thesel arms acts on a separate shaft, D D D, moving them all alike. Each of these'shafts has a gear-wheel, L, carrying the standards b b', and is fitted up and made in all respects exactly the-'same .as the shafts D H in the separate machine, with the .exception ofthe segments Ol. These wheels all gear together and have the same amount of motion, and will give the saine motion to each ofthe shafts, and the objects held in the chucks at the bottoms of those shafts, as to 'the central one, which is guided by the pointer 'L-.witlt the exception that the two outside shafts and appendages turn in a direction contrary to the one in the center. This will cause the pattern to run in one direction on the center glass and in the opposite on the outside ones. This might be objectionable in some cases,` especially in engraving letters, and couldbe remedied Aby inserting an intermediate 4 pinionl between. Athe gear-wheels, which wouldcause them all to turn precisely' alike.l The gearing controlling the position of the cutting-wheels should all be connected -in the same manner.

Although the machine is shown only in triplicate in the drawing in- Sheet 2, yet it is obvious that it might be made to Aoperate on f four,five, or six glasses at once, oreven more, on the same principle.

Figs. 9 andi()j Sheet 2, show a modicatlon of this machine, applicableto the ornamenta-l tion of flat surfaces. The parts for giving motion to and controlling the position of the l cutting-wheel are the same as for cylindi ical surfaces, as also are the parts forgiving inotion to the object that-,is to be oruamented, excepting that portion below the universal joint G, connecting the two`shaftsD H. The vibrating frame I- is extended soas to form two vertical guide-rods, 'M' M' .which -are connected at the bottom bythe brace N'. Onl

these guider-ods are the bearings 0' O' of a carriage, l", having horizontal guide-rods Q' Q', on which slides the bed R', to which is fas- .tened the glass S', by the clamps "l" T' and screws U' U'. The shaft H is connected to the carriage ll' by means of the stud V', having a pointed screw, W', which enters into a V-shaped groove in the shaft, so as to allow the shaft H to turn in the stud V', and yet be capable of moving the carriage up and down.

0n the end of the shaft H there is a pinion, X', which takes-into a rack, Y', on the bed.Y

f lt will beseen ,from thisdeseription and an y pattern lor designfthat he examination of the drawings 'that'the carriage P moves verticallyw-iththe-'shaft H, thus giving the bedR',carryfnngt,theY glass- S', a corrtspoiidin ,1g-motion,"v and the pinionX', actin g on. the rack Y', gives v'the bed la sidewar'dj motion," both motions being governed by the gerator. moving the pointer'T according Atothe ishes execn te..

This Vinvention niayjbe. a sof applied tothe cutting andv polish ingof glassand othersnbfA stances. ,4 In this caseit would be best to have,l

an even number of machines connected to- `gether,.(in the mannerhereinbefore'described.

for triplicate cutting,) allbeing controlled by one operator,'and using oiiehal'f of the-fina-- chines' for cutting, .and the -remainder forgpol'- ishing thegures 'after theyare cut, so that the cutting and polishing may both 'go onat thesame time.

In en`grving,^cntting, orpolis'hing glass the 'necessary' 'grinding'lmixtures of4 em ery 'and Iwatergeij oil,zorflpolish ing materials-such as tripoli, pumice-ston'e, putty-powder, &c.- shonldvbe lsuppliedto the wheel h in the usual m'annen; orthey may be applied to the glass itself, instead of to the cutting-wheel.

' 'The process of etching with such 'amachine would beas follows: Having coated the glass lwith etchingwax, grease, or any substance that will resist the action of .the acid, itis fastened in the machine, and.. the 'operator moves the pointer T, by which theV glass is correspondingly moved against the etching. needle according tothe design on the pattern. The glass is then removed from the machine -and submitted to the fumes ofliydroiuoricy acid, which eats into or corrodes the glass in 'all places where the Wax or grease has been removed by the needle.

Metallic and other objects may be etched in l thesame manner by usingvv the appropriate acids.

Ornamental coloring matter or liquids or pencil designs may be applied to the surfaces of various other articlesv and substances bysubstitutin g a conducting-tube, p'encil,or brush in place of the cutting-wheel.v

'Machines constructed substantially on the plans herein shown may. be` used for the cutting and ornamentation of the surfaces of various substances. For 'marble or stone work'the machine would not require much change, except to make it larger and stronger; but' for most other purposes the wheel h, which acts by abrasion, should be removed and replaced by one that has cutters and is otherwise suited to the particular work then in forms of 'mechanism here shown and descriled as the principle offmy invention may be emf bodied in various styles-te. suit-the different 4kinds-ot' vro rkxl to be' done. One example of a very.,obvionsjchange-would be to place`the cutting-,wheelf upon the glass-holder H, or its l. equivalent device, and to `give to the cuttingwheel. those. changesgof motion and position, under-the con-titel of a guiding-lever, S, as are here givensto'the glass holder, the glass itself occupying", substantially. 'the .position now,

v given to the cutter-:1' The changes of form in 'fthe parts and in the location 'of the ldrivingl pulleys, belts, `Snc., necessaryA to accommodate f the glass andcutter to suchsyariations in their? arrangementsl in 'respect to eachother, wilt .readily suggest themselves to 'any skillful mechanic, and therefore .do not require to be here detailed, l l Having thus described my invention, what I L claim as new in the art of cutting, polishing,- dressing, and -ornamenting vitreous subl stances, and desire to secure, by Letters Patent is l. The construction of the shaft or hold-er H, which carri'estv the glass, so thatvitpwll vibrate to and from' the. cutteror" polisher, substantially as and for the 'purposelhereinf shown and described. y ,u I 2. The pressing of the glass with a yielding lpressure'. against'th'el cutter or polishexgsubl stantiall'y asherein shown and'described.Y

The combination of the vibrating framefI- with the 'glass-,holder-H, substantiallyflan hereinshow'n and described.

4. The combination of' the spring-tredle and belt-shipper with vthe glass-holder'll and cutter h, substantiallyv as herein shown and described. l' i A f `5. Imparting a vertical or a lateral movei ment, or a combined vertical and lateral move ment, to theglass or other article to be ornamented, substantiallyas herein shown. and described.

6. The combination of 'a governinglever'or pointer, S, .which is subject to the will of the, operator, and a glassholder which obeys thc pointer, substantial-ly as herein shown and de scribed.

7. The combination of the wheel L, arm N, and shaft D, substantially as herein shown an'd described.

' 8. The combination ofthe adjustable-segment O with the wheel-L and shaft D,'sub

stantially as herein shown'and described.

9., The' combina-tion ofthe shaft D andsegment O with the segment P and lever S, int-ttemanner herein showirand described.

.10.. The combination of the shaft D, leverB, elbow-lever X, and rod U with the lever S, sul)` stantially in the nf'anncr herein shown and described.

11 The combina-tion ofthe lever S with the fork It, sleeve Q, and rod U in the'manner substantially as herein shown and described.

12. The arrangement ot' the cutter or poliaher so that the position of its axis may be the cutter for the purpose of enlarging or diehanged or varied in correspondence with the minishing, at will, the dimensions of the 'ornac'ianges or curvatures of the lines of the dement or figure to be executed lIpon' the'. glass. i

sign, substantially as herein shown and de- T. J. W. ROBERTSON. v' scribed. Witnesses 13. The employment of adjusting mechanism L. vF. COHEN,

between the lever S and the glass-holder or A. E. BEACH. 

